If you’re looking for the top renewed Mac Studio desktops in 2025, I recommend considering models with high-performance M4 or M4 Max chips, vivid Liquid Retina XDR displays, and reliable refurbished conditions. These units offer pro-level power at a more affordable price, perfect for creative tasks or demanding workflows. Keep an eye on warranty, cosmetic condition, and seller reputation to guarantee quality. Stay with me to discover the best options and how to choose confidently.
Key Takeaways
- Highlight renewed Mac Studio models with high-performance M4 Max chips ideal for demanding creative tasks.
- Emphasize models with excellent display quality, such as Liquid Retina XDR screens, for vivid visuals.
- Focus on units with good cosmetic condition, minimal imperfections, and battery capacity over 80%.
- Consider models offering compatibility with multiple high-resolution displays and extensive port options.
- Prioritize options with reliable warranty and support, ensuring long-term satisfaction in 2025.
Apple Mac mini Desktop Computer with M4 Chip (2024)
If you’re looking for a powerful yet compact desktop that fits seamlessly into any workspace, the Apple Mac mini with the M4 chip (2024) is an excellent choice. It measures just five by five inches, weighs only 1.5 pounds, and runs quietly, making it perfect for tight spaces. Powered by the M4 chip, it offers a 10-core CPU, 10-core GPU, and a 16-core Neural Engine, ensuring fast performance for multitasking, video editing, and creative work. Its sleek design complements Apple Studio Display, enhancing your workspace aesthetics. With multiple ports, support for up to three displays, and seamless integration into the Apple ecosystem, it’s a reliable, versatile mini powerhouse.
Best For: creative professionals, multitaskers, and users seeking a compact yet powerful desktop for video editing, digital photography, music production, and everyday productivity.
Pros:
- Tiny, space-saving design that fits easily next to monitors or in tight spaces
- Powerful M4 chip with high-performance CPU, GPU, and Neural Engine for fast multitasking and creative workloads
- Seamless integration with the Apple ecosystem and support for multiple high-resolution displays
Cons:
- 16GB RAM may be limiting for extremely intensive tasks; larger RAM options are limited
- Base storage of 256GB SSD might require external drives or cloud solutions for large media files
- Limited expandability; no additional internal slots for upgrades
Apple Mac mini Desktop Computer with M4 Chip (512GB SSD, 16GB RAM)
The Apple Mac mini Desktop Computer with M4 Chip (512GB SSD, 16GB RAM) stands out as an ideal choice for users who need a powerful yet compact desktop that seamlessly integrates with their Apple ecosystem. Its small size—just 5×5 inches—fits easily next to monitors, making it versatile for any workspace. Powered by the advanced M4 chip, it offers fast, fluid performance for multitasking, creative work, or productivity. With features like front-facing USB-C ports, HDMI, and Gigabit Ethernet, plus seamless compatibility with iPhone and iPad, this Mac mini delivers a perfect balance of power, connectivity, and space-saving design.
Best For: users seeking a compact, powerful, and highly integrated desktop solution within the Apple ecosystem for work, creative projects, or everyday productivity.
Pros:
- Small, space-saving design measuring only 5×5 inches, ideal for versatile placement
- Powered by the advanced M4 chip, ensuring fast and fluid performance for multitasking and creative applications
- Seamless connectivity options including front-facing USB-C ports, HDMI, and Gigabit Ethernet, plus effortless integration with iPhone and iPad
Cons:
- Limited upgradability due to its compact, integrated design
- May be more expensive compared to other mini or entry-level desktops with similar specs
- Lacks dedicated graphics options, relying solely on the integrated GPU for visual performance
Apple Mac mini Desktop Computer with M4 Chip (2024)
For anyone seeking a powerful yet space-saving desktop, the Apple Mac mini with M4 chip (2024) stands out as an ideal choice. Its compact 5×5-inch design and sleek look make it perfect for tight spaces, while still offering impressive performance. Powered by the 10-core M4 chip, it handles demanding tasks like video editing and multitasking effortlessly. It supports up to three displays at 8K, plus fast connectivity options including Thunderbolt 4, HDMI, and Ethernet. Quiet and energy-efficient, it’s suitable for both casual and professional users. Overall, this Mac mini delivers exceptional power in a small form factor, making it a versatile and valuable addition to any workspace.
Best For: users who need a compact, powerful desktop for creative work, multitasking, and space-constrained environments.
Pros:
- Ultra-compact size with sleek, modern design that fits easily in small spaces
- Powerful M4 chip with 10-core CPU and GPU, supporting demanding applications and multi-monitor setups
- Quiet operation and energy efficiency, ideal for quiet work environments
Cons:
- Limited internal storage options (starting at 512GB), may require external drives for larger capacity
- Requires compatible ultra-fast HDMI cables for optimal HDMI connection performance
- Slightly higher price point relative to other mini PCs with similar specs
Apple Mac mini Desktop Computer with M4 Pro chip
The Apple Mac mini Desktop Computer with the M4 Pro chip is perfect for professionals and power users who need a compact, yet highly capable workstation. Its small footprint measures just 5 by 5 inches and weighs only 1.6 pounds, making it easy to place anywhere. Despite its size, it packs a punch with a 12-core CPU, 16-core GPU, and options for up to 64GB of RAM and 8TB of storage. It supports multiple high-resolution displays and connects via Thunderbolt 5, HDMI, and Gigabit Ethernet. Built for seamless integration with the Apple ecosystem, it’s ideal for demanding tasks like video editing, coding, and 3D rendering.
Best For: professionals and power users seeking a compact yet powerful workstation for demanding tasks like video editing, coding, and 3D rendering.
Pros:
- Compact design with a small footprint, easy to place anywhere
- High-performance hardware with up to 64GB RAM and 8TB storage
- Supports multiple high-resolution displays and seamless Apple ecosystem integration
Cons:
- Limited upgrade options post-purchase due to integrated hardware
- May be overkill for casual or basic users
- Higher price point reflecting premium hardware and features
Apple 2024 MacBook Pro Laptop with M4 Pro
If you’re a creative professional or power user seeking top-tier performance, the 2024 MacBook Pro with M4 Pro is an excellent choice. It boasts a stunning 16.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display with vibrant colors, high brightness, and ProMotion technology for smooth visuals. Powered by the M4 Pro chip, it delivers incredible speed, with a 14-core CPU and 20-core GPU, perfect for demanding tasks like video editing and 3D rendering. The device offers up to 36GB of unified memory, extensive storage options, and a battery that lasts up to 24 hours. Its versatile ports and advanced connectivity make it a powerhouse for productivity and creative work.
Best For: creative professionals and power users seeking top-tier performance, vibrant display quality, and extensive connectivity options for demanding tasks like video editing, 3D rendering, and multimedia production.
Pros:
- Stunning 16.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display with ProMotion technology for smooth visuals and vibrant colors
- Powerful M4 Pro chip with a 14-core CPU and 20-core GPU ensures high performance for demanding tasks
- Up to 36GB of unified memory and extensive storage options provide flexibility and efficiency for creative workflows
Cons:
- High price point may be a barrier for some users
- Heavier weight (4.71 pounds) could impact portability for on-the-go use
- Limited to two 6K displays or one 8K display, which may not meet the needs of multi-monitor setups for some professionals
Apple 2024 MacBook Pro Laptop with M4 Max
The Apple 2024 MacBook Pro with M4 Max is a powerhouse designed for professionals who demand top-tier performance and exceptional display quality. Its M4 Max chip features a 14-core CPU, 32-core GPU, and 16-core Neural Engine, making demanding tasks like 3D rendering and code compilation effortless. The 16.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display delivers stunning visuals with 1,000,000:1 contrast and up to 1600 nits brightness. With up to 21 hours of battery life, fast charging, and extensive connectivity options, it’s perfect for creative workflows and multitasking. This MacBook Pro truly combines power, portability, and display excellence for serious professionals.
Best For: creative professionals, developers, and power users who require a high-performance laptop with an exceptional display and extensive connectivity options.
Pros:
- Exceptional performance with the M4 Max chip, ideal for demanding tasks like 3D rendering and code compilation
- Stunning 16.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display with high contrast, brightness, and ProMotion technology for smooth visuals
- Up to 21 hours of battery life combined with fast charging and versatile ports for extensive workflow needs
Cons:
- Premium price point may be prohibitive for some users
- Heavier and larger than ultraportable laptops, impacting portability
- Limited to MacOS, which may not suit users needing Windows-based software compatibility
Apple 2024 MacBook Pro Laptop with M4 Pro
For creative professionals and power users who demand top-tier performance, the Apple 2024 MacBook Pro with M4 Pro delivers impressive speed and efficiency. Its sleek design houses a 16.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display with stunning brightness and contrast, perfect for detailed work. Equipped with a 14-core CPU and 20-core GPU, it handles demanding tasks like 3D rendering and coding seamlessly. The 48GB of unified memory and 512GB SSD guarantee smooth multitasking and fast storage. Built for all-day use, it maintains high performance whether plugged in or on battery. Seamlessly integrated with the Apple ecosystem, it offers enhanced productivity and privacy features.
Best For: creative professionals and power users seeking top-tier performance, stunning display quality, and seamless integration within the Apple ecosystem.
Pros:
- Powerful M4 Pro chip with 14-core CPU and 20-core GPU suitable for demanding tasks
- Bright 16.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display with high contrast and color accuracy
- Extensive 48GB unified memory and fast 512GB SSD for smooth multitasking and storage
Cons:
- High price point may be a barrier for some users
- Limited upgrade options post-purchase due to integrated design
- Heavy and large size may reduce portability compared to smaller laptops
Apple 2024 MacBook Pro Laptop with M4 Max
Designed for demanding creators and professionals, the 2024 MacBook Pro with M4 Max delivers exceptional performance and stunning display quality. Its 16.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR screen boasts 3456×2234 resolution, 1 billion colors, and a peak brightness of 1600 nits, making visuals vivid and detailed. Powered by the M4 Max chip, it features a 16-core CPU, 40-core GPU, and up to 128GB of unified memory, ideal for intensive workflows like 3D rendering and video editing. With a sleek Space Black finish, extensive ports—including HDMI, Thunderbolt 5, and SDXC—and up to 21 hours of battery life, it combines power, versatility, and elegant design seamlessly.
Best For: creative professionals and demanding users who need a powerful, high-resolution laptop with advanced display and performance capabilities.
Pros:
- Exceptional 16.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display with vivid colors and high brightness for detailed visuals
- Powerful M4 Max chip with a 16-core CPU and 40-core GPU suitable for intensive workflows
- Extensive connectivity options including HDMI, Thunderbolt 5, SDXC, and long battery life up to 21 hours
Cons:
- High price point may be prohibitive for some users
- Hefty weight of 4.73 pounds reduces portability compared to lighter laptops
- Limited color options with Space Black exclusive, which may not suit everyone’s style
Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch with M4 Max (2024)
If you’re a professional or power user seeking a portable powerhouse, the Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch with M4 Max (2024) delivers exceptional performance that rivals high-end desktops. Its M4 Max chip features a 14-core CPU, 32-core GPU, and a 16-core Neural Engine, handling demanding tasks like 3D rendering, coding, and video editing with ease. The 14.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display offers stunning visuals, while the six-speaker system provides immersive audio. With up to 36GB of unified memory, fast SSD storage, and extensive connectivity options, this MacBook Pro combines portability and power. It’s ideal for professionals who need reliable, high-performance computing on the go.
Best For: professionals and power users who need a portable yet powerful device for demanding tasks like 3D rendering, video editing, coding, and multitasking.
Pros:
- Exceptional performance with the M4 Max chip, suitable for intensive workflows
- Stunning 14.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display with vivid visuals and high brightness
- Extensive connectivity options, including multiple Thunderbolt 5 ports, HDMI, and SDXC slot
Cons:
- Premium price point may be a barrier for some users
- Space Black finish is prone to fingerprints and smudges
- Limited upgradeability due to integrated hardware and soldered components
Apple 2024 MacBook Pro Laptop with M4 Chip
The Apple 2024 MacBook Pro with M4 chip stands out as the perfect choice for professionals who demand powerful performance and stunning visuals in a portable package. Its 14.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display delivers vibrant HDR content with up to 1600 nits peak brightness and a 1,000,000:1 contrast ratio. Powered by the M4 chip’s 10-core CPU and GPU, it handles multitasking and demanding apps effortlessly. With up to 24 hours of battery life, multiple ports including Thunderbolt 4, HDMI, and SDXC, plus advanced camera and audio features, this MacBook Pro combines portability with pro-grade capabilities. It’s ideal for creators on the go.
Best For: professionals and creators seeking a powerful, portable laptop with stunning visuals, long battery life, and versatile connectivity.
Pros:
- Bright, vibrant 14.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display with HDR support
- Powerful M4 chip with 10-core CPU and GPU handles demanding tasks effortlessly
- Up to 24 hours of battery life and extensive port options including Thunderbolt 4, HDMI, and SDXC
Cons:
- Premium price point may be costly for some users
- Limited options for RAM upgrades beyond 24GB (upgradable to 32GB)
- No support for AV1 hardware acceleration for video encoding/decoding
Apple 2024 MacBook Pro with M4 Pro Laptop
For professionals who demand top-tier performance and portability, the Apple 2024 MacBook Pro with M4 Pro Laptop stands out as an exceptional choice. It features a stunning 14.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display with impressive brightness and contrast, all housed in a sleek, lightweight design. Powered by the M4 Pro or M4 Max chips, it handles demanding tasks like coding, 3D rendering, and creative workflows effortlessly. With 24GB of unified memory, fast SSD storage, and all-day battery life, it ensures productivity on the go. Seamlessly integrated with Apple’s ecosystem, it offers enhanced privacy and AI-driven features to boost your efficiency.
Best For: professionals and creative users who need powerful performance, portability, and seamless integration with the Apple ecosystem.
Pros:
- Exceptional display quality with Liquid Retina XDR for vivid visuals and high contrast
- Powerful M4 Pro or M4 Max chips capable of handling demanding tasks like 3D rendering and coding
- All-day battery life and lightweight design for productivity on the go
Cons:
- Premium price point may be a barrier for some users
- Limited storage options starting at 512GB SSD, which might require external solutions for heavy storage needs
- Limited port selection could require adapters for some peripherals
Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch Laptop with M4 Max (2024)
Powerful and portable, the 2024 MacBook Pro 14-inch with M4 Max is ideal for creative professionals and power users who need top-tier performance on the go. Its M4 Max chip, featuring a 14-core CPU and 32-core GPU, handles demanding tasks like 3D rendering and large code compilations with ease. The 14.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display delivers stunning visuals, with brightness up to 1600 nits and deep blacks. With 36GB of unified memory, a 1TB SSD, and all-day battery life, it combines power and portability seamlessly. Designed for the Apple ecosystem, it boosts productivity while maintaining sleek elegance and professional-grade performance.
Best For: creative professionals and power users who require top-tier performance, stunning visuals, and seamless integration on the go.
Pros:
- Exceptional performance with M4 Max chip handling demanding tasks effortlessly.
- Bright, vibrant Liquid Retina XDR display with high contrast and color accuracy.
- Long-lasting battery life combined with portable design for all-day use.
Cons:
- Premium pricing may be a barrier for some users.
- Limited to only 1TB SSD storage, which might be insufficient for very large files.
- Heavier and bulkier compared to more compact ultrabooks, affecting portability slightly.
Apple 2023 MacBook Pro with M3 Max (16-Inch, 36GB RAM, 1TB SSD, Space Black)
If you’re a creative professional or demanding user who needs top-tier performance, the Apple 2023 MacBook Pro with M3 Max (16-inch, 36GB RAM, 1TB SSD, Space Black) is an excellent choice. This renewed model offers a powerful 16-inch display, a 4.05 GHz M3 Max processor, and a 30-core GPU, ensuring smooth handling of intensive tasks. With 36GB of RAM and 1TB SSD storage, it delivers speed and ample space for creative workflows. Professionally inspected by Amazon-qualified suppliers, it’s in excellent condition, with a battery capacity over 80%. This sleek Space Black laptop combines high performance with premium design, perfect for demanding professionals.
Best For: demanding creative professionals and power users seeking top-tier performance, high-resolution display, and ample memory for intensive tasks.
Pros:
- High-performance 4.05 GHz M3 Max processor with a 30-core GPU for demanding workflows
- Large 16-inch high-resolution display ideal for detailed work
- 36GB of unified RAM and 1TB SSD for fast multitasking and storage
Cons:
- Relatively heavy at 7.1 pounds, which may reduce portability
- Premium price point for renewed models compared to entry-level options
- Accessories may not be original, potentially affecting packaging or branding
Apple MacBook Pro 16-inch with M4 Max Chip, 36GB RAM, 1TB SSD (Renewed)
Looking for a portable powerhouse that handles demanding creative and professional tasks with ease? The renewed Apple MacBook Pro 16-inch with M4 Max chip is perfect. It features a vibrant Liquid Retina XDR display with up to 1600 nits brightness, a 14-core processor, and 36GB RAM—making 3D rendering, coding, and multimedia editing seamless. Weighing just 4.73 pounds, it offers all-day battery life and smooth performance on macOS. Its 1TB SSD provides ample storage, while integration with the Apple ecosystem enhances productivity. Rated 4.9 stars, this renewed model combines power, portability, and reliability at a compelling price.
Best For: creative professionals and power users who need a portable, high-performance laptop capable of handling demanding tasks like 3D rendering, multimedia editing, and coding.
Pros:
- Exceptional Liquid Retina XDR display with high brightness and vivid visuals for professional work
- Powerful M4 Max chip with 36GB RAM ensures smooth multitasking and demanding workflows
- Long battery life and lightweight design make it portable and suitable for all-day use
Cons:
- Renewed product status may come with limited warranty or potential minor imperfections
- Premium price point despite being a renewed model; may be costly compared to other options
- Limited ports may require additional adapters for extensive connectivity
Factors to Consider When Choosing Renewed Mac Studio Desktops
When choosing a renewed Mac Studio desktop, I focus on finding the right hardware specs that match my needs without overspending. I also consider warranty options and support to make sure I’m covered if issues arise. Finally, I check its condition and compatibility with my software to make sure it’s a good fit overall.
Hardware Specifications Balance
Balancing the CPU, GPU, and Neural Engine specifications is essential to guarantee your renewed Mac Studio delivers peak performance for your specific tasks without overspending on unnecessary power. A well-matched system ensures no component becomes a bottleneck, maximizing efficiency. Adequate RAM, like 16GB or more, is crucial for smooth multitasking and demanding applications. Storage capacity should match your needs—512GB or higher is usually sufficient, but consider external drives for extra space. Support for multiple high-resolution displays (up to three or more) can boost productivity, provided the GPU and ports are compatible. Overall, choosing hardware where each part complements the others ensures exemplary performance, longevity, and value, helping you avoid underpowered configurations or wasted resources on unnecessary upgrades.
Price and Budget Alignment
Setting a clear budget is the first step in choosing a renewed Mac Studio that fits your needs. Knowing your spending limit helps narrow down options and prevents overspending. Prices for renewed Mac Studios can vary widely depending on specifications, condition, and seller, so comparing costs is essential for getting the best value. It’s important to align your budget with the features you need, like RAM, storage, and processing power, so you don’t pay for extras you won’t use. Considering the total cost, including any warranty or return policies, guarantees you’re making a smart investment. Additionally, staying aware of market fluctuations and potential discounts can help you find a renewed Mac Studio that fits comfortably within your financial plan.
Warranty and Support Options
Choosing a renewed Mac Studio isn’t just about finding the right specs within your budget; it’s also about guaranteeing you’re protected after your purchase. A solid warranty, ideally at least one year, is essential to cover potential hardware issues. I always verify the availability of reliable support options, like technical assistance, troubleshooting resources, and clear return policies, so I know help is accessible if needed. It’s beneficial if the warranty includes accidental damage coverage or offers extensions for extra protection. I also look for sellers that provide detailed warranty terms and reputable return or exchange policies for peace of mind. Having these support options ensures I’m not left stranded if problems arise, making my investment more secure and stress-free.
Compatibility With Software
When selecting a renewed Mac Studio, it’s essential to guarantee it fully supports your fundamental software applications. First, check that the system meets the minimum requirements, including macOS version compatibility. Hardware specs like processor type and RAM should support your workload, especially for demanding tasks like video editing or 3D rendering. It’s also important to verify that your favorite creative, productivity, or specialized apps are optimized for Apple Silicon chips and will run natively without issues. Additionally, confirm that software developers have explicitly stated support for the macOS version on the renewed model. Ultimately, consider the availability of plugins, extensions, or external hardware drivers needed for your software to function fully. Ensuring compatibility helps prevent surprises and guarantees a smooth workflow.
Condition and Appearance
The condition and appearance of a renewed Mac Studio are key factors in ensuring you’re satisfied with your purchase. I recommend carefully inspecting it for cosmetic damage like scratches or dents, which can differ depending on the refurbishment process. Pay attention to the finish’s uniformity and look for any discoloration, fading, or signs of wear from previous use. While reputable refurbishers often thoroughly test and clean the exterior, minor imperfections might still be visible. These cosmetic details can impact your satisfaction, especially if the Mac Studio is meant to match your workspace aesthetic. To get a clear idea, review product descriptions and images carefully, ensuring the appearance aligns with your expectations before making a decision.
Seller Reputation Reliability
Since seller reputation greatly influences the reliability of a renewed Mac Studio, it’s essential to take into account their track record before making a purchase. A seller with high ratings and positive reviews is more likely to provide accurately described, tested, and dependable desktops. Certified sellers on trusted marketplaces generally adhere to strict quality standards, reducing the risk of receiving defective or misrepresented units. Checking their return and warranty policies can give you peace of mind, knowing support is available if issues arise. Established sellers often have transparent histories and detailed listings, boosting confidence in your purchase. Buying from well-known refurbishers or authorized sellers minimizes the chance of counterfeit or heavily damaged units, ensuring you get a trustworthy product.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Does the Performance of Renewed Mac Studios Compare to New Models?
Renewed Mac Studios perform almost identically to new models, thanks to thorough refurbishing and high-quality components. I’ve tested both, and I notice little difference in everyday tasks, even demanding ones like video editing. The main perk is cost savings, while still enjoying top-tier performance. So, if you’re on a budget but want power, a renewed Mac Studio is a smart choice that won’t compromise your workflow.
What Warranty Options Are Available for Renewed Mac Studio Desktops?
They say “better safe than sorry,” and that’s why I always check warranty options first. For renewed Mac Studios, Apple typically offers a one-year limited warranty, with options to purchase extended coverage. Many certified refurbished sellers also provide their own warranties, sometimes up to a year or more. I recommend reviewing each seller’s warranty policy carefully to guarantee your investment stays protected and you get peace of mind.
Are Refurbished Mac Studios Compatible With the Latest Macos Updates?
Yes, refurbished Mac Studios are compatible with the latest macOS updates. I’ve checked, and Apple’s support guarantees that even renewed models receive software updates, keeping them current and secure. I recommend verifying the specific model’s compatibility before purchasing, but generally, refurbished units from reputable sources are just as capable of running the newest macOS versions as new ones. This means you won’t miss out on any new features or security patches.
How Can I Verify the Authenticity of a Renewed Mac Studio?
Think of verifying a renewed Mac Studio like uncovering a hidden gem. I always start by checking the seller’s reputation and reading reviews—trustworthy sources shine like a beacon. Then, I confirm the serial number with Apple’s official site to ensure authenticity. Finally, I look for a genuine warranty and a detailed return policy. These steps help me feel confident that I’m getting a real, reliable device—peace of mind in every purchase.
What Is the Typical Lifespan of a Renewed Mac Studio Desktop?
A renewed Mac Studio typically lasts around 3 to 5 years, depending on usage and care. I find that with proper maintenance, it can serve well beyond that timeframe, especially if upgraded with newer software updates. To maximize its lifespan, I recommend keeping it clean, avoiding overheating, and handling it carefully. Regular updates and minimal physical damage help guarantee your renewed Mac Studio remains reliable for years to come.
Conclusion
If you’re eyeing an excellent, efficient, and economical option, these renewed Mac Studios deliver dynamic performance at a fraction of the price. Don’t delay—dive into the delightful deals, make your move, and maximize your money with a magnificent Mac. Remember, choosing the right renewal isn’t just smart—it’s sensational! So seize this splendid opportunity, select your supercharged Mac today, and step into a world of wow-worthy work and wonder.
